Graphite, as the theme of the 2010 Nobel Prize in physics,Graphite bearingIt is ready to enter the application field. Many scientists believe that this product is a revolutionary new material, which will push the electronic industry into a new stage of development and leverage the industrial chain of at least 100 billion. Then, why does it have such a large prying force?
Application and status of graphite
Because of its special structure, graphite has many characteristics such as high temperature resistance, thermal shock resistance, conductivity, lubricity, chemical stability and plasticity. It has always been an indispensable strategic resource in the development of military industry, modern industry and high, new and advanced technology. Graphite has a wide range of applications. Some experts predicted that "the 20th century will be the century of silicon, and the 21st century will be the century of carbon".
Graphite bearings will be widely used in the following fields in the future:
(1) Electronic materials: flexible screen, wearable devices, solar charging; As an electrode material, graphene is an excellent negative electrode material; As a chip material instead of silicon.
(2) Field of heat dissipation materials.
(3) Biomedical field.
At present, major countries and regions have promoted graphene research to a strategic height. In 2011, the UK identified graphene as one of the four emerging technologies to be developed in the future, and the UK graphene national laboratory will be completed in 2015.
In 2013, the Ministry of industry, trade and resources of South Korea announced that it would integrate domestic research institutions and enterprises to promote the commercial development of graphene and form a graphene alliance in China.
In January 2013, the European Commission listed graphene as one of the "flagship projects of future emerging technologies", and provided 1 billion euros of funding for 10 years, raising graphene research to a strategic height.
Graphite reserves and production distribution
By the end of 2012, the accumulated proven reserves of natural graphite in the world were 77 million tons. Natural graphite resources are mainly distributed in China, India, Mexico and other countries; China is the country with the richest graphite resources in the world. In 2012, its natural graphite reserves were 55 million tons, accounting for 71.43% of the total graphite resources in the world; The proven reserves of natural graphite in India are 11 million tons, accounting for 14.29% of the world.
In 2012, the global natural graphite output was 1.1 million tons, an increase of 50000 tons over 2011. China is the country with the most natural graphite mining in the world. In 2012, China's natural graphite output was 750000 tons, accounting for 68.18% of the world's total output; India's annual output is 150000 tons, accounting for 13.64%.
China is rich in graphite deposits. Flake graphite is mainly concentrated in Inner Mongolia, Shandong and Heilongjiang. Shandong and Heilongjiang are the two most important production areas. The northeast region is represented by Jixi Liumao graphite resources company and Heilongjiang north graphite Co., Ltd., with an annual output of basically more than 40000 tons.
Embarrassing situation of graphite
However, graphite, which also accounts for more than 70% of the global reserves and is also a national strategic reserve resource, is not as valued as rare earth. China's graphite industry is not ideal, and it has been a raw material supplier in the industrial chain for a long time.
1、Graphite rotor"Low out and high in"
"If China's graphite industry continues to take the low-end route, I'm afraid it won't even be qualified to work hard!" Zhang Bin, rotating president of China graphite industry association and chairman of Inner Mongolia Rixin group, is very worried about the current situation of China's graphite industry. He believes that graphite is more important to industrial development than rare earth. The national level should pay more attention to the transformation and upgrading of this industry.
The export price of graphite in China has been maintained at 3000-4000 yuan per ton for a long time, but after being processed and purified abroad and imported into China, the price is 100000-200000 yuan per ton. When processed into an artificial heart valve, the price is as high as 120000 yuan!
Because China does not master the core technology of graphite deep processing, and the advanced graphite processing technology is monopolized by a few countries such as the United States, Japan and the European Union, China's Graphite resources are "low in output and high in progress", and foreign countries "purchase instead of purchase" exist for a long time.
2. Graphite lost overseas at low price
According to the data released by China's customs, in 2010, China's Graphite export volume was about 585500 tons, and the import volume was 76000 tons. This import and export pattern has lasted for nearly 30 years.
An analysis report of Heilongjiang Province shows that there are about 1000 graphite enterprises in China. The phenomena of indiscriminate mining and mining of graphite resources, mining rich and discarding poor, extensive operation and low management level are common, and the mining and processing are in a disordered state. If the current mining method and speed are followed, the proven graphite resources in China will be exhausted in a few decades. At that time, China will import graphite from abroad at a high price, and become a graphite poor country from a large graphite country.
At the same time, more chaos also occurred in the sales field. Because most of them were raw material sales, the market order was chaotic and mutual bidding became the norm, resulting in the loss of resources overseas at low prices.
3. Graphite industry is controlled by others
At present, China's graphite industry is obviously controlled by others. For example, almost all of the "isotropic graphite" used in China's nuclear power plants comes from Japan's Toyo carbon. The price per ton is about 450000 yuan, and the cost is only 50000 yuan. Due to the long-term backward technology in China, the price has always been dominated by the United States and Japan.
To ensure:Graphite bearingThe healthy and sustainable development of the industry also requires the state to learn from the control mode of rare earth resources, regulate and control graphite production capacity nationwide, encourage scientific and technological research and development, and plan the development of the graphite industry as a whole. Relevant departments should increase support for the graphite industry and plan the graphite industry as a whole. It is imperative to develop graphite resources in a protective way.