Use of graphite
Because graphite has many excellent properties, it has been widely used in metallurgy, machinery, electrical, chemical, textile, national defense and other industrial sectors. can


As refractory material.
One of the main uses of graphite is to produce refractory materials, including refractory bricks, crucibles, continuous casting powders, casting cores, molds, detergents and high temperature resistant materials. In recent years, two important changes in the refractory industry are the widespread application of magnesia carbon bricks in the lining of steel-making furnaces and the application of alumina carbon bricks in continuous casting. The graphite refractories are closely connected with the steel-making industry. The world's steel-making industry consumes about refractory materials.
Magnesia carbon brick magnesia carbon refractory was successfully developed by the United States in the mid-s. in the s, the Japanese steel industry began to use magnesia carbon brick in water-cooled electric arc furnace smelting. At present, magnesia carbon brick has been widely used in steelmaking in the world, and has become a traditional use of graphite. At the beginning of the s, magnesia carbon brick was used as the lining of oxygen top blown converter.
Aluminum carbon brick aluminum carbon refractory material is mainly used for continuous casting, flat steel billet self-contained transmission pipeline cover, underwater nozzle and oil well blasting barrel. In Japan, the steel produced by continuous casting accounts for more than 10% of the total production, and in Britain, it is.
Crucibles and related products: shaped and fire-resistant crucibles and related products made of graphite, such as crucibles, curved necked bottles, plugs and nozzles, have high fire resistance and low thermal expansion. They are also stable when they are soaked and washed by metal in the process of smelting metal, and have good thermal shock stability and excellent conductivity at high temperatures. Therefore, graphite crucibles and related products are widely used in the process of directly melting metal. The traditional graphite clay crucible is made of flake graphite with a carbon content greater than, and usually the graphite flake should be larger than the mesh (- screen). However, the important improvement in crucible production technology abroad at present is that the type, flake size and quality of graphite used are more flexible. Secondly, the traditional clay graphite crucible is replaced by silicon carbide graphite crucible, which is produced with the introduction of constant pressure technology in the steel-making industry. Small scale graphite can also be applied by constant pressure technology. In the clay graphite crucible, the large scale graphite with carbon content up to accounts for about /, while in the silicon carbide graphite crucible, the content of large scale components only accounts for, and the carbon content of graphite is reduced to.
Steelmaking
Graphite and other impurity materials can be used as carburizers in the steel-making industry. Range of carbonaceous materials used for carburizing
Article 1 new graphite production process and technology
A wide range, including artificial graphite, petroleum coke, metallurgical coke and natural graphite. In the world, graphite used as carburizing agent for steel-making is still one of the main uses of earthy graphite.
As conductive material
Graphite is widely used in the electrical industry as electrode, brush, carbon rod, carbon tube, positive electrode of mercury rectifier, graphite gasket, telephone parts, coating of TV picture tube, etc. Among them, graphite electrodes are most widely used. When smelting various alloy steels and ferroalloys, graphite electrodes are used. At this time, a strong current is introduced into the smelting area of the electric furnace through the electrodes to generate an arc, which converts electrical energy into thermal energy and raises the temperature to about, so as to achieve the purpose of smelting or reaction. In addition, when electrolyzing metals such as magnesium, aluminum and sodium, graphite electrodes are also used as the anode of the electrolytic cell. Graphite electrode is also used as the conductive material of furnace head in the resistance furnace for producing corundum. Graphite used in the electrical industry has high requirements for particle size and grade. For example, alkaline batteries and some special electric carbon products require that the graphite particle size be controlled within the scope of the target, and the grade shall be above, and the harmful impurities (mainly metallic iron) shall be below. The granularity of graphite used for TV picture tube shall be below. Graphite, a wear-resistant and lubricating material, is often used as a lubricant in the machinery industry. Lubricating oil can not be used at high speed, high temperature and high pressure, while graphite wear-resistant materials can work without lubricating oil at - temperature and at very high sliding speed (/). Many equipment conveying corrosive media widely use graphite materials to make piston rings, sealing rings and bearings. They do not need to add lubricating oil during operation. Graphite emulsion is also a good lubricant for many metal processing (wire drawing and pipe drawing).
As corrosion-resistant material
Graphite has good chemical stability. Specially processed graphite is widely used for making heat exchangers, reaction tanks, condensers, combustion towers, absorption towers, coolers, heaters, filters, pumps and other equipment due to its corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity and low permeability. These equipment are used in petrochemical, hydrometallurgy, acid-base production, synthetic fiber, paper making and other industrial sectors, which can save a lot of metal materials. 0 is used as casting, foundry, die casting and high-temperature metallurgical materials. Because graphite has a small expansion coefficient and can withstand rapid cooling and heating changes, it can be used as a mold for glassware. Stone
After inking, the castings made of ferrous metals have accurate dimensions, smooth surfaces, high yield, and can be used without processing or a little processing, thus saving a lot of metal. In the production of cemented carbide and other powder metallurgy processes, graphite materials are usually used to make boats for pressure resistant sintering. Single crystal silicon crystal growth crucibles, regional refining vessels, supports, fixtures, induction heaters, etc. are all processed from high-purity graphite. In addition, graphite can also be used as graphite insulation board and base for vacuum metallurgy, and as tube, rod, plate, lattice and other components of high-temperature resistance furnace.
(1) used in atomic energy industry and national defense industry
Chapter 1 overview of new graphite production processes and technologies
Graphite has good neutron deceleration performance and was first used as a moderator in atomic reactors. Uranium graphite reactor is one of the most widely used atomic reactors at present. As the deceleration material in the nuclear reactor for power, it should have high melting point, stability and corrosion resistance, and graphite can fully meet the above requirements. The purity of graphite used for atomic reactor is very high, and the impurity content should not exceed dozens (parts per million), especially the boron content should be less than. In the national defense industry, graphite is also used to make nozzles of solid fuel rockets, nose cones of missiles, parts of aerospace equipment, heat insulation materials and radiation protection materials.
As anti scaling and anti rust material
Graphite can prevent boiler scaling. Tests by relevant units show that adding a certain amount of graphite powder to water (about per ton of water) can prevent boiler surface scaling. In addition, graphite can be coated on metal chimneys, roofs, bridges and pipes to prevent corrosion and rust.
New uses of graphite
With the continuous development of science and technology, many new uses of graphite have been developed. Flexible graphite products. Flexible graphite, also known as expanded graphite, is a new graphite product developed in the s. The United States successfully developed flexible graphite sealing materials to solve the leakage problem of atomic energy valves. Subsequently, Germany, Japan and France began to develop and produce them. In addition to the characteristics of natural graphite, this product also has special flexibility and elasticity. Therefore, it is an ideal sealing material. It is widely used in petrochemical, atomic energy and other industrial fields. The international market demand is increasing year by year.
High purity products are used in high-purity metal smelting, electronic industry, nuclear industry and mold manufacturing; Common products are used for masonry materials in aluminum electric decomposition tank, powder metallurgy sintering furnace, ferroalloy furnace and other submerged arc furnaces.

Graphite, graphite products, uses of graphite products